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Temperature Chamber
A tempering chamber suitable for liquid / vapor, liquid / liquid, liquid / solid / vapor and liquid / liquid / solid measurements under controlled conditions. Temperature is stabilized by a user-provided circulating bath through a unique one-loop-three-sided thermal transfer construction in the aluminum chamber body, which allows desired temperatures can be reached and stabilized exceptionally fast. The temperature range is from about 0 ℃ to about 120 ℃ if a suitable circulating bath and fluid are used. Due to its double-glass window construction, problems with window condensation can be effectively avoided, which ensures a clear, crisp imaging quality for measurements .

The chamber can be easily disassembled for cleaning purpose, suitable temperature measurement device with RS-232-interface and software support will also be available as options (0.1 ℃ resolution).


Dimensions:

Chamber: 110 x 70 x 95 mm ( W x H x D )
Glass View Windows : 30 x 30 mm
Top Opening: 40 x 10 mm ( W x D )
Internal Measuring Space: 45 x 30 x 38 mm (W x D x H), which corresponds to an internal volume of about 50 ml.

Dimensions can be customized within a certain range based on the desired applications.
For large samples or for more measurements on one sample, the (internal) width of chamber can be extended, for example, for another 20-30 mm.

Electrically heated chambers can be also provided for high temperature ranges (up to ca.
300 ℃), An electrically heated chamber is required for measuring polymer and hot melts.



Surface/ Interfacial Tension Applications:

Temperature is an important factor in-case-of surface/interfacial tension measurements, and all tests should be done in a well-controllable environment, if surfactants are involved, dynamic behaviors is to be expected (i.e. surface/interfacial tension could be strongly dependent of surface-aging). In those cases it may take a long time (minutes to hours) before the final equilibrium or a steady-state can be established, a pendant drop can disappear due to evaporation during this time, or it’s volume decreases strongly, which will affect the real surface composition and thus the resulting surface tension. It is meaningful to use the Raising Bubble/Drop method instead of Pendant Drop method for those situations, that is to build a gas bubble in a bulk solution (liquid) phase, which raises from bottom to top. All the necessary accessories will be available upon request.

CMC Applications:

The most classic setup is to prepare a series solutions of different concentration, and then determine their surface tension individually.
Another setup is to use the raising bubble method: fill the chamber with a known volume of solvent (e.g. water) at the beginning, determine its surface tension. And then add a certain mount of surfactant solution of known conc. into the solvent (for example using our Auto Dosing Unit), waiting for mass transferring equilibrium, and determine the surface tension again; and so on. It could be a more effective arrangement for routine CMC measurements with double syringe system.

 
A captive bubble taken in the tempered chamber (image flipped vertically)
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